Gluconate-δ-lactone is referred to as lactone or GDL, molecular formula C6H10O6, which is a non-toxic edible substance.White crystal or white crystalline powder, almost odorless, sweet and sour taste.Easily soluble in water.Gluconate-δ-lactone is used as a coagulant, mainly used in the production of tofu, and can also be used as a protein coagulant for dairy products. It can also be used as an acidulant, leavening agent, preservative, color stabilizer, stone preventer, widely used in egg, candy, fruit products, cool drinks, meat, fish processing and so on.
Production methods
At present, there are three main production methods of gluconate: one is to use glucose as the starting material, and use enzymatic method and electrochemical method to directly prepare gluconate.But this method has low conversion rate and difficult reaction control.Another is to use calcium gluconate as the starting material, and prepare gluconate through acidification, pressure filtration, ion exchange, concentration, crystallization, separation and drying.The cycle of this method is long, and a large amount of industrial waste liquid will be produced.Another is to use sodium gluconate as the starting material, and obtain gluconate products through ion exchange, vacuum concentration, static crystallization, centrifugal separation and constant temperature drying.This method has long production cycle, high energy consumption and high production cost. UV/hydrogen peroxide method is a new type of advanced oxidation technology, which is the use of strong oxidizing agent and light to produce strong oxidation ability of ·OH free radicals.Because of its unique and excellent oxidation performance, it has been widely recognized in recent years.It is mainly used in the treatment of nitrogen-containing dye wastewater, deep water purification and desulfurization and denitrification.It has achieved good results in these fields.The key of the invention is to use this technology to solve many problems encountered in the production of gluconate lactone in industry. CN102367244A discloses a method for preparing gluconate lactone.The method comprises the following steps: dissolving glucose in deionized water to obtain glucose solution as raw material, irradiating the glucose solution with ultraviolet lamp, adding ventilation pump to accelerate the mass transfer process in the reaction device, adding hydrogen peroxide in the reaction process, and conducting catalytic oxidation reaction under stirring conditions. The reaction temperature is 20~60 °C, and the time is 1~4 hours. The gluconate lactone solution is filtered;then the gluconate lactone solution is reduced and concentrated at 70 °C~80 °C, concentrated to the crystallization liquid content of 70~90%; adding crystal seeds to the concentrated liquid, and crystallizing in the crystallization mixer to obtain gluconate lactone product. The invention not only shortens the production cycle, does not cause industrial pollution, but also reduces the production cost, has low energy consumption, high productivity, and has a wide range of applications. (1) as a coagulant: this product in aqueous solution hydrolysis produces gluconic acid, protein coagulation, the effect is better than calcium sulfate, calcium chloride and brine. Tofu made with this product has good water retention, delicate texture, tender and delicious, and has antiseptic effect. To make tofu, add 2.5~2.6g of this product to every kilogram of soy milk. First dissolve this product in a small amount of water, then add it to soy milk, or can the soy milk with this product, heated to 80 °C through water, protect 15min, and then coagulate into tofu.
(2) as a preservative, it has antiseptic effect on mould and general bacteria, can be used for fish, meat, poultry, shrimp and other preservation, make the product luster, not brown, and keep the elasticity of meat. Lunch meat, sausage, red sausage and other products add 0.3% of this product, which can make the product bright color, good water retention, elastic, and has antiseptic effect, but also reduce the production of nitrosamine in the product.
(3) as a loosening agent, this product is compatible with sodium bicarbonate and mixed into baking powder. When heated, gluconic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide, good puffing effect, no peculiar smell. Especially suitable for cakes, fried food and so on. This product is mixed with sodium bicarbonate by 2:1 to make baking powder, and its dosage can account for 50%~70% of the acid agent. It can be used for biscuits, dough rolls and bread, especially for cakes, and the dosage is about 0.13% of wheat flour. (4) as a chelating agent, can be used for grape juice or other berry juice wine, adding this product can prevent the formation of tartar.For dairy products, can prevent the formation of milk stone.
(5) as an acidulant, can also be prepared with sodium bicarbonate into advanced drinks, not only strong gas production, and can slowly hydrolyze the gluconic acid, has cool and delicious and no stimulation to the stomach.
Precautions
Gluconate lactone is white powdery crystal, in the dry case can be stored for a long time, but in the humid environment, especially in the aqueous solution is easy to decompose into acid, lactone solution at room temperature within 30 minutes part of the decomposition into acid, 65 degrees above the speed of hydrolysis, 95 degrees above the quickly completely transformed into gluconic acid, so, with lactone as a coagulant to use cold water to dissolve, in half an hour, cut not long-term storage of its aqueous solution.
Side effects
Gluconate lactone is white powdery crystal, in the dry case can be stored for a long time, but in the humid environment, especially in the aqueous solution is easy to decompose into acid, lactone solution at room temperature within 30 minutes part of the decomposition into acid, 65 degrees above the speed of hydrolysis, 95 degrees above the quickly completely transformed into gluconic acid, so, with lactone as a coagulant to use cold water to dissolve, in half an hour, cut not long-term storage of its aqueous solution.
1, glucose esters is very common common food additives. Usually shown as white crystals or crystalline powder, slightly soluble in ethanol and easily soluble in water.It can be used as a seasoning or condiment, and can also be added to toothpaste to remove tooth tartar.It is safe to add no more than 3 grams of gluconate per kilogram of food.
2, gluconate has certain side effects, do not eat too much gluconate.Gluconate is the final product of glucose metabolism, and excessive intake will lead to hyperglycemia and blood sugar metabolism imbalance.
3, hydrogen peroxide produced by gluconate degradation will lead to super fast oxidation in the body, and excessive intake will lead to gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, constipation, etc.
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